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Working Principle and Characteristics of Plastic Extruders

Time：

2017-08-06

Working principle of a plastic extruder: Material enters the plastic pelletizing machine through the hopper. A distributor divides the material into two streams; one stream passes through the center of the distributor into the rotating impeller, where it is accelerated to speeds reaching several hundred times the acceleration of gravity. It is then ejected at 60–70 m/s through three evenly spaced channels in the impeller. Simultaneously, another portion of the material falls freely from around the distributor and collides with the first stream, together impacting the lining of the vortex chamber. The impact causes the material to rebound, striking the top of the vortex chamber at an oblique angle, after which its direction of motion reverses and it flows downward. The material discharged from the impeller channels forms a continuous flow.

Working principle of a plastic extruder

The material enters the plastic pelletizing machine through the feed hopper. A distributor divides the material into two streams: one stream is fed into the rotating impeller via its central passage, where it is accelerated to an acceleration of several hundred times the acceleration of gravity, and then ejected at a velocity of 60–70 m/s through three evenly spaced channels in the impeller. The other stream, falling freely from around the distributor, collides with and breaks up the first stream. Together, these materials impact the lining of the vortex chamber, rebound off it, and strike the top of the vortex chamber at an oblique angle. Their direction of motion is then redirected downward, forming a continuous curtain of material as it exits the impeller channels.

In this way, a single piece of material undergoes repeated impacts, friction, and grinding within the vortex crushing chamber. The crushed material is discharged through the lower outlet. Throughout the entire crushing process, the material fragments by mutual impact rather than direct contact with metal components; instead, it is pulverized through impacts and friction against the lining material, thereby minimizing contamination and extending the service life of the machinery. Moreover, the ingenious internal airflow circulation in the vortex chamber effectively eliminates dust pollution.

Performance Characteristics of Plastic Pelletizing Machines

1. Simple and rational structure, self‑impact crushing, and low operating costs;

2. Bearing installation and an advanced spindle design enable this machine to handle heavy loads and operate at high rotational speeds.

3. Equipped with fine crushing and coarse grinding functions;

4. High reliability and robust safety protection devices ensure the safety of both the equipment and personnel.

5. Smooth operation, low operating noise, high efficiency and energy savings, and excellent crushing performance;

6. It is only slightly affected by the moisture content of the material, with a moisture level that can reach approximately 8%.